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The Literary Portal

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Literature is literally "an acquaintance with letters", as in the first sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary (from the Latin littera meaning "an individual written character"). The term has generally come to identify a collection of texts or works of art, which in Western culture are mainly prose, both fiction and non-fiction, drama and poetry. In much, if not all of the world, texts can be oral as well, and include such genres as epic, legend, myth, ballad, other forms of oral poetry, and the folktale. The word "literature" as a common noun can refer to any form of writing, such as essays; "Literature" as a proper noun refers to a whole body of literary work.

The history of literature begins with the history of writing, in the Bronze Age of Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, although the oldest literary texts date to a full millennium after the invention of writing, to the late 3rd millennium BC. The earliest literary authors known by name are Ptahhotep and Enheduanna, dating to ca. the 24th and 23rd centuries BC, respectively. More about Literature...

Selected article

Make Way for Ducklings is a children's picture book written and illustrated by Robert McCloskey. First published in 1941, the book tells the story of a pair of mallard ducks who decide to raise their family on an island in the lagoon in Boston Public Garden, a park in the center of Boston, Massachusetts.

Make Way for Ducklings won the 1942 Caldecott Medal for McCloskey's illustrations, executed in charcoal then lithographed on zinc plates. As of 2003, the book had sold over two million copies. The book's popularity led to the construction of a statue by Nancy Schön in the Public Garden of the mother duck and her eight ducklings, which is a popular destination for children and adults alike. In 1991, Barbara Bush gave a duplicate of this sculpture to Raisa Gorbachev as part of the START Treaty, and the work is displayed in Moscow's Novodevichy Park.

The book is the official children's book of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Praise for the book is still high over 60 years since its first publication, mainly for the enhancing illustrations and effective pacing. It was criticised for having a loose plot, however, as well as poor characterization.

Selected picture

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Original illustration (1865) by John Tenniel (28 February 1820 - 25 February 1914), of the novel by Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Alice trying to play croquet with a flamingo.

Image: John Tenniel

Did you know ...

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... that Beatrice (pictured) is the orphaned niece of Leonato, governor of Messina, in Shakespeare's comedy Much Ado About Nothing?

... that the Boulevard Saint-Michel is mentioned in quite a number of literary works?

... that Ernest Vincent Wright's novel Gadsby (1939) is an example of a lipogram?

... that Albert Camus's La Peste, Italo Calvino's Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno, Malcolm Lowry's Under the Volcano, and Mickey Spillane's I, the Jury were all first published in 1947?

... that Frédéric Beigbeder's 2000 novel 99 francs was retitled 14,99 euro after the introduction of the euro, and that it was published in the United Kingdom as £9.99?

... that J. B. Priestley and Marghanita Laski were involved in the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament?

... that Louis Begley's latest novel, Matters of Honor (2007), is about the enduring friendship between three Harvard graduates?

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Books do furnish a room.
Anthony Powell, A Dance to the Music of Time, Vol. X

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